Animals used in science undergo a variety of handling and sampling procedures. Proper techniques are essential to minimize pain and distress and therefore the implementation of refinement.

For this reason, Three Rs microsite includes information about:

• dosing and blood sampling
• animal handling
• marking, or ways to individually identify animals
• animal training techniques that contribute to minimizing distress
• refined techniques that can be found in SOPs published online by some Canadian institutions

Dosing and
Blood Sampling
Handling
Marking

Training Animals
SOPs